Upper part of sea/aquatic ecosystem contains … (NEET 1988).Which of the following aquatic plant does not show pollination by water? … (KCET 2021).The Great Barrier Reef in Australia is the world’s largest coral reef with a length of approximately 1500 miles.The environmental conditions needed for the survival of coral reefs are warm, shallow, clear, and moving waters with ample sunlight.Sea fans and sea whips are some of the most found varieties of soft reefs. The other species form soft reefs that are comparatively flexible organisms like plants and trees.

Sea anemones are classic examples of hard coral reefs. These corals form reefs called hermatypic or hard reefs as they give out hard calcium carbonate exoskeletons that protect their structure and support important life functions.These are found in most of the world’s oceans.Coral reefs are underwater structures built from the skeletons of marine vertebrates, also called corals.Some examples are tidal marshes, coastal bays, and river mouths.Estuaries today have also become hot spots for recreational activities and scientific studies.Estuaries have much economic importance as they are capable of trapping plant nutrients and generating quality organic matter in comparison to all other land-based ecosystems.As a result, the water here is more saline in comparison to freshwater ecosystems but more dilute than the marine ecosystems.The transition from land to sea happens in this region.Estuaries are critical forms of natural habitats which are typically formed where the sea and the rivers meet.Shellfish, sharks, tube worms, crabs, turtles, crustaceans, blue whales, reptiles, marine mammals, seagulls, plankton, corals, and other ocean plants are just a few of the organisms that live in these environments.More than five lakh aquatic species call these oceans home.The Pacific and Atlantic Oceans are the largest and deepest of these five oceans.The Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Atlantic Oceans are the five primary oceans on earth.

They can be further classified as ocean ecosystems, estuaries, coral reefs, and coastal ecosystems.Their bodies are designed to survive in saltwater and will swell if placed in less salty water ( osmosis).In addition, marine species are unable to survive in freshwater.Salt concentrations are higher in the marine habitat, making it difficult for freshwater creatures to survive.Aquatic animals cannot exist outside of water.Oceans, seas, the intertidal zone, reefs, the seabed, estuaries, hydrothermal vents, and rock pools make up two-thirds of the earth's surface.The marine environment spans the majority of the earth's surface area.Due to excessive urbanisation, swamps and wetlands are facing environmental degradation.Many terrestrial, aquatic and amphibians such as crocodiles, alligators, turtles, fish and migratory birds inhabit swamps and wetlands.Water levels of swamps often face fluctuations due to rain and flood.Freshwater swamps are mostly found inland while seawater swamps are found along the coastal areas.The water in wetlands and swamps can be freshwater, brackish water or seawater.If there is no forest around, then it is termed as a wetland.A swamp is an area in the forest that is permanently filled with water.Lotic and Lentic Ecosystem Wetlands and Swamps Algae, crabs, shrimps, amphibians like frogs and salamanders, rooted and floating-leaved plants and reptiles like alligators and other water snakes can all be found in these habitats.The term lentic is used to describe water that is stationary or relatively still.The principal examples of the Lentic Ecosystem are lakes and ponds.They encompass all ecosystems with standing water.These ecosystems also include mammals such as beavers, river dolphins, and otters, in addition to aquatic species.Several insect species, such as beetles, mayflies and stoneflies, as well as several fish species, such as trout, eel, and minnow, live in these settings.Lotic ecosystems primarily refer to unidirectionally flowing, quickly flowing waterways such as rivers and streams.Flowing water bodies such as rivers and streams are represented by lotic ecosystems. Lentic habitats are bodies of standing water such as lakes, ponds, pools, bogs, and other reservoirs. Freshwater ecosystems are divided into three types: lotic, lentic, wetlands, and swamps.Lakes, ponds, rivers and streams, marshes, swamps, bogs, and ephemeral pools are all examples of freshwater.Freshwater ecosystems only cover about 1 percent of the earth's surface.

The different types of ecosystems are as follows: Freshwater Ecosystem Taxonomic Hierarchy of Plants and Animals

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